IPK 100, Learn Today, Lead Tomorrow, Deborah Alexander

The following is a summary of the basic rules for APA citations.

Author Names

• use initials for the first name(s), e.g., Public, J. Q. or Public, J., not Public, John Q.
• cite author names in the same order as they're listed on the document
• include up to 20 authors.e.g., Smith, J., Spade, S., & Fudd, E. J.; if there are more than 20 authors, insert an ellipsis (...) after the 19th author and before the last author, e.g., Jones, H. M., McKay, J., Alvarado, F., Plath, E., Jordan, A., Porter, M., ...Johnson, K.

Dates

Make sure the date of publication is in the correct format

• for journals and books, give the year only, e.g., (2007)
• for magazines, newspapers, and web sites, include the full date as provided on the publication, e.g. (2007, November 15), (2007, November)
• if there is no date of publication, indicate so with 'n.d.' in place of the date, e.g., (n.d.)

Titles

Watch for capitalization:

• journal (periodical) titles should be capitalized and italicized (e.g., Advertising Age; Journal of Contemporary Health Issues; The New York Times)
  • journal volume numbers should also be italicized
• all other titles should be lowercase, except for the first word, the first word after a colon (:), period (.) or question mark (?) and proper nouns, e.g.
  • EA Canada to announce third quarter results on December 20
  • Donut wars: Can anyone catch Tim?
• do not put titles in quotation marks
• italicize book titles (e.g., Who moved my cheese? An amazing way to deal with change in your work and in your life)

Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers

Last  name,  First  initial.  Nation/Community.  Treaty  Territory  if  applicable.  Where  they  live  if  applicable.  Topic/subject  of  communication  if  applicable.  personal  communication.  Month  Date,  Year.

For example:

Cardinal, D. Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.

Template taken from: MacLeod, L. (2021). More than personal communication: Templates for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers”. KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.18357/kula.135. 

ChatGPT and AI citations

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

In-Text:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Details from APA blog, April 7, 2023. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt

Sample Citations

Citations are all about helping us, the reader, to find the articles that you, the author, used to write your paper. They are pathfinders.

If you use our Find It box you will find tools that help you create citations. (Just use the cite tool to the right and copy and paste)

It is always good, however, to know the basics of what you are looking at. Here's an image of what you will see in your results list and what parts make the parts of an APA citation.

This is a journal article.

And the citation looks like this: 

This is a book.

And this is the citation: Mountain, A. (2019). From Bear Rock Mountain : the life and times of a Dene residential school survivor. Brindle & Glass.

Notice the the differences between a journal and a book citation:

• the book and journal title are in italics
• the article title is not in italics
• journal citations include the location of where you find the article--the volume, issue and page number details
• book citations give you the publisher but usually no page details

Take a look for yourself and see if you can think of any other ways for you to know the difference.

I am not sure who is a chemist but I'm not. I have purposely used these citations as examples so you can learn to look past the words and see the layout of an APA  citation for a scholarly peer-reviewed article.

• Take a look at what is in italics.
• What are all the numbers indicating?
• How do you tell the difference between the title of the article and the title of the journal?

APA citations follow a general rule of 4 Ws:

First we have the author= the WHO

Then we have the date= the WHEN

Then we have the title= the WHAT

Then we have journal details= the WHERE

If you can remember: WHO, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE you will be able to remember the important bits of your APA citation.

You will notice the journal name is always in italics and the article title isn't. Watch the capitalization--the first word of the title is capitalized as well as any proper nouns but the rest of the sentence is lower case. 

Indigenous Elders & Knowledge Keepers

In-text: (lastname, date)

E.g:(Cardinal, 2004)

In References: lastname, first initial, Nation/Community. Territorial acknowledgement. City acknowledgement. Topic discussed. personal communication. Date.

E.g.: Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.

Please notice that the rules of WHO, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE are different when citing Elders'  teachings.

In order to email yourself your results of the quiz remember to hit the submit button at the bottom of the quiz twice.