"(in the US) an ideological grouping associated with extreme conservative or reactionary viewpoints, characterized by a rejection of mainstream politics and by the use of online media to disseminate deliberately controversial content." (Definition from Oxford Living Dictionaries)
Balance
" Equality between the totals of the two (or more) sides of the account. Balance is a more technical term than fairness. It's a quantitative measurement that can be used as a tool to achieve fairness, especially in cases where the facts are in dispute or the truth is still developing." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
Bias
"A predisposition that distorts your ability to fairly weigh the evidence and prevents you from reaching a fair or accurate judgment. Here's how to spot bias:
► Look for evidence of a pattern of unfairness over time
► Compare a variety of news outlets, especially to search for bias by omission
►Take note of the self-interest of those alleging bias Media Bias is a pattern of unfairness or willful inaccuracy over time by a specific journalist or news outlet.
It cannot be proven by a single isolated incident. Audience Bias is a News Literacy term describing the tendency of individuals to see bias in news media reports because they are unconsciously viewing journalism through their own biases. A key element of Audience Bias is Cognitive Dissonance, which occurs when individuals discount the value or veracity of a report that conflicts with their preconceived beliefs." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
Cognitive dissonance
" A psychological theory that holds people are so powerfully motivated to reduce their discomfort that they will dismiss, block or warp incoming information that does not conform with their beliefs, viewpoint or understanding of the truth. It can result in:
►Selective Distortion and Retention — Remembering only those elements of a news report that affirm the individual’s beliefs, or only “hearing” or “seeing” elements of a report that affirm existing beliefs.
►Confirmation Bias — Seeking out information to confirm what we already believe.
"An organization that publishes a Web site with news and information for the sole purpose of generating revenue from the ads that are displayed. Writers are often paid extremely low wages, and the material is generally considered run-of-the-mill but entertaining enough to attract visitors." (Definition from The Free Dictionary)
Disinformation
" The dissemination of deliberately false information, esp. when supplied by a government or its agent to a foreign power or to the media, with the intention of influencing the policies or opinions of those who receive it; false information so supplied.:" (Definition from Oxford English Dictioanry)
Fact-checking
"The action of verifying facts, esp. in the context of journalism or other writing; the work involved in checking or establishing the facts of a matter.; (Definition from Oxford English Dictioanry)
Filter bubble
A term coined by Eli Pariser referring to a more insular online information landscape, resulting from personalized search algorithms offered by companies like Google and Facebook. Individuals may become trapped in their filter bubbles and not be exposed to diverse points of view.
Misinformation
"The action of misinforming someone; the condition of being misinformed. (Definition from Oxford English Dictioanry)
Native advertising
"Displaying an ad on a Web page along with regular content in a manner that does not distract the user. Contrast with "interrupt advertising," which requires users to cancel a message that demands their attention." (Definition from The Free Dictionary)
News
"Timely information of some public interest that is shared and subject to a journalistic process of verification and for which an independent individual or organization is directly accountable." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
News literacy
"The ability to use critical thinking skills to judge the reliability and credibility of news reports, whether they come via print, television or the Internet." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
Post-truth
"Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief." (Definition from Oxford Living Dictionaries)
Propaganda
"Information, ideas or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution or nation. It is often biased and misleading, in order to promote an ideology or point of view." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
Reliable information
"Allows the news consumer to make a decision, take action or share responsibly with others. It has all three of these characteristics: Verification, Independence and Accountability." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
Satire
"A poem or (in later use) a novel, film, or other work of art which uses humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize prevailing immorality or foolishness, esp. as a form of social or political commentary. Freq. with on, of, against.; (Definition from Oxford English Dictioanry)
Selective dissonance
"The process of distorting or “forgetting” incoming information if it does not match a person’s particular point of view." (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
"Events as they actually happened, phenomena as they actually exist, the universe as it actually exists, independent of what we have so far been able to learn of it. The term stands in contrast to Scientific Truth and Journalistic Truth, which describe human approaches to learning truth.; (Definition from Glossary: The Language of News Literacy)
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